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2023
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Development Challenges of New Energy Vehicles
Author:
Taking into account a number of factors, the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Plan" reveals the short-term development of hybrid vehicles, and this is a signal for the transition and long-term development of pure electric vehicles. According to the reality, the only new energy vehicles that can enter the mass production scale are hybrid and pure electric.
Taking into account a number of factors, the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Plan" reveals the short-term development of hybrid vehicles, and this is a signal for the transition and long-term development of pure electric vehicles. According to the reality, the only new energy vehicles that can enter the mass production scale are hybrid and pure electric.
Weak industrial scale effect
From the traditional automobile industry to the rise of new energy vehicles, China's automobile industry has never got rid of the general situation of scattered and chaotic, and the effect of economies of scale in the industry is not obvious. China has a vast territory, large differences in the form of enterprises in various regions, and limited market supervision. Although it has carried out many industrial structure adjustments and corporate resource integration, it cannot fundamentally form the scale of the three American-style automakers with a market share of more than 90%. effect. The research and development of new energy vehicles requires a large amount of capital and technical personnel investment. In the absence of industrial scale effects, each company's "closed door" is prone to problems such as inconsistent technical standards and inconsistent industrial development, which is not conducive to new energy vehicles. The formation and subsequent development of the industry. In addition, the new energy automobile industry is facing a rush and "overcapacity" caused by profit-seeking and subsidies ". Beijing, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Shanghai and other places have successively established regional automobile industry alliances. The members of the alliance cooperated closely, but there was little contact between the alliance, and the situation of the separation of the princes was formed.
Cost price is too high
The cost of a car determines the price, and the price determines the market. At present, among the new energy vehicles in the Chinese market, the price of domestic pure electric vehicles is not high. There is no price problem for consumers to buy pure electric vehicles. Hybrid vehicles.
It is understood that in 2009, the sales volume of hybrid vehicles in the US market was 290300, accounting for 2.8 per cent of all sales in the United States. Compared with the advanced automobile countries, the domestic hybrid electric vehicle industrialization and market promotion have a significant gap, mainly because the price is too high, which inhibits many people's desire to buy. As Wagner said, how to reduce the cost of hybrid vehicles to a level that ordinary users can afford is the problem that hybrid vehicles face. After all, price is also one of the decisive factors in the market.
At present, the price of hybrid vehicles in the domestic market is at least 30% higher than that of internal combustion engine driven vehicles with the same displacement. If the price of a traditional car is 100000, the 130000 of a hybrid car with the same displacement is calculated based on the annual mileage of the car of 30000 kilometers, if the oil price is 10 yuan/liter, then the energy-saving benefit of the hybrid car can reach the 20000, and it will take 4.3 years. The lower the oil price, the longer the recovery period, and the acceptable recovery period for ordinary consumers is 1.5 years.
Short battery life
Compared with hybrid vehicles, the large-scale promotion of pure electric vehicles looks brighter. Not only because of the nearly zero emission environmental protection standard of pure electric vehicles, but also because of its low price and low cost of use, which can be comparable to traditional cars in price. Most of the prices of pure electric vehicles do not exceed 100000 yuan, and some are even lower than those of fuel vehicles with the same displacement. Due to the full use of electric energy supply system, the use cost of pure electric vehicles is lower than that of hybrid vehicles. According to the data released by a pure electric vehicle, it consumes 12 degrees of electricity for 100 kilometers. According to the electricity price of 0.5 yuan, the cost of using 100 kilometers is only 6 yuan. However, its prototype car uses 7.6 litres of petrol per 100 kilometers, which costs 46.5 yuan at the current oil price of 6.2 yuan. In contrast, the cost of using an electric car is the 1/8 of a traditional gasoline car. In addition, pure electric vehicles save at least 4/5 of the use cost compared with gasoline vehicles of the same level. As soon as pure electric vehicles are put on the market, they are highly praised by consumers. Therefore, they can get the highest scale subsidy from the government and become the industrialization goal of China's future new energy vehicle development.
However, the development of pure electric vehicles in China is still unsatisfactory. The reason is that there is still a gap between China's electric vehicle technology and foreign technology, especially in the core technologies such as pure electric vehicle batteries and motors, which is reflected in the gap between China and foreign countries in terms of battery range than traditional cars. many. Domestic electric vehicles have a single full range of only about 100 kilometers, while foreign pure electric vehicles have a range of 240 kilometers, and the range of higher configurations is more than 300 kilometers. Therefore, China's electric vehicles can meet the needs of commuting to and from get off work, and there is still a gap for customers who like long-distance needs such as self-driving tours in Europe and the United States.
Other challenges
At present, other challenges in the development of China's new energy vehicle industry mainly come from substitutes, technological advantages of multinational manufacturers and rent-seeking activities. In terms of the challenge of substitutes, at present, China's traditional automobile industry is in a period of rapid growth, the profit margin of the industry is high, and the demand for new energy vehicles is not urgent. Except for a few manufacturers, the willingness of domestic automobile enterprises to develop new energy vehicles is lower than that of foreign counterparts. Multinational automobile manufacturers are relatively mature in new energy vehicle technology, and some of them have already put more mature products into the Chinese market. Domestic automobile enterprises are in a disadvantageous position in the competition, which intensifies the monopoly of multinational automobile manufacturers on China's automobile industry. In addition, because the development of the new energy vehicle industry requires strong policy support and a large amount of financial investment, national policies and corresponding preferential measures such as subsidies and tax cuts may trigger rent-seeking activities by auto manufacturers, resulting in national preferential policies and capital investment. Can not be effectively implemented and played a role.
In addition, pure electric vehicles also have battery problems and charging convenience problems. The first thing to solve for electric vehicles is the battery problem. The battery problem lies in weight and service life. Electric vehicle charging convenience is also an important factor related to its mass production. It takes between 5 and 6 minutes for a car with an ordinary fuel tank capacity of 50 liters to fill up a tank of oil. However, it is uncertain whether the charging time of an electric vehicle can be controlled within a few minutes. A certain electric vehicle can be charged at a special charging station for 10 minutes to charge 70%, and it takes 6-7 hours to charge at a household 220V socket. Many people's cars in China are parked in underground parking lots or parking spaces in residential areas, and there are few matching charging plugs. It is a good way to set up a charging station in a gas station, but the battery charging time must be guaranteed, and the service life of the battery after repeated charging is also unknown.
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